Use these poems and writing prompts to inspire your own poem about the Juneteenth holiday.
The White Iris Beautifies Me
Not the white of hard-won cotton,
or of pitiless snow—
I’ve found a whiteness
that gives me its glory;
it blooms
in Master Bellemare’s garden,
and though it is, by all counts,
untouchable,
quiet as it’s kept, I’ve carried it
into the shabbiest of cabins,
worn it as I witnessed
the slave-breaker,
the hanging tree;
in dream-snatches
it blesses me, and I become
more than a brand,
a pretty chess piece:
at the mistress’ bell,
always prudent and afraid,
wily and afraid—
And when the day comes,
my rescuing flower’s name
will become my daughter’s;
a freeborn woman,
I swear,
she will never be shoeless
in January snow.
bold Iris,
she will never fear sale
or the bottom of the sea.
Writing Prompt
“The White Iris Beautifies Me” is what is called a persona poem. A persona poem is a type of poem that is written from the perspective of a specific character or person. The persona may be based on a real person or be completely fictional. The poet may use this persona to speak and express their thoughts and feelings, often revealing something about the character’s inner life and motivations. A persona poem allows the poet to explore and express ideas and emotions through the voice of a different person, giving the poem a unique and personal perspective.
In this poem, Cassells speaks from the perspective of an enslaved woman. The woman pictures a world in which her unborn daughter won’t have to live through the same horrendous conditions as she did. He uses the image of an iris flower to symbolize hope for the woman and the future her daughter will live in.
Gaining inspiration from “The White Iris Beautifies Me,” write from the perspective of one of your relatives who was alive when the Emancipation Proclamation was read in Texas. Think of the specific pieces of nature that surround them at this time and use those natural details to help them shape the world that they live in. It doesn’t have to be a specific flower, like in Cassell’s poem, it could also be an insect, the weather, leaves, etc, anything that helps capture the specific moment.
Litany at the Tomb of Frederick Douglass
Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York
November 7, 2008
This is the longitude and latitude of the impossible;
this is the epicenter of the unthinkable;
this is the crossroads of the unimaginable:
the tomb of Frederick Douglass, three days after the election.
This is a world spinning away from the gravity of centuries,
where the grave of a fugitive slave has become an altar.
This is the tomb of a man born as chattel, who taught himself to read in secret,
scraping the letters in his name with chalk on wood; now on the anvil-flat stone
a campaign button fills the O in Douglass. The button says: Obama.
This is the tomb of a man in chains, who left his fingerprints
on the slavebreaker’s throat so the whip would never carve his back again;
now a labor union T-shirt drapes itself across the stone, offered up
by a nurse, a janitor, a bus driver. A sticker on the sleeve says: I Voted Today.
This is the tomb of a man who rolled his call to arms off the press,
peering through spectacles at the abolitionist headline; now a newspaper
spreads above his dates of birth and death. The headline says: Obama Wins.
This is the stillness at the heart of the storm that began in the body
of the first slave, dragged aboard the first ship to America. Yellow leaves
descend in waves, and the newspaper flutters on the tomb, like the sails
Douglass saw in the bay, like the eyes of a slave closing to watch himself
escape with the tide. Believers in spirits would see the pages trembling
on the stone and say: look how the slave boy teaches himself to read.
I say a prayer, the first in years: that here we bury what we call
the impossible, the unthinkable, the unimaginable, now and forever. Amen.
Writing Prompt
A litany poem is a type of poem that is structured in a repetitive and rhythmic manner. It typically consists of a series of phrases or sentences that are repeated over and over again, often with a call-and-response pattern. The repetition creates a sense of urgency and intensity, and the poem often has a chant-like quality. The repetition also allows the poet to build up a sense of reverence or devotion. Litany poems are a powerful tool for exploring complex ideas and emotions, and for creating a sense of connection and community.
In “Litany at the Tomb of Frederick Douglass,” National Book Award winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist Martín Espada uses a repetition of “This is” to emphasize the progress that has been made in the United States for Black people. Specifically, we see how the dedication of Frederick Douglass’s abolition work helped pave the way for Barack Obama to become president. Ending with the word “Amen,” this poem feels like America’s prayer for a better future for its citizens.
Using Espada’s poem for influence, picture what the world will look like 50 years in the future. Since Juneteenth is only a three-year-old national holiday, how different will its celebration look then? What steps towards equality have been gained? Describe this future world using a repetition of “This Is” like Espada did in his poem to show the progress of this future United States.
this I know for sure
We are the breath the skin the muscles the heart the hands the unmeasurable bones whispering across the Atlantic Ocean.
We are the bellies of Middle Passage ships.
We are blue door of no return on Goree Island.
We are the mornings that broke with our living and our dead fastened together. We are the eyes bearing witness to sharks following our human cargo waiting for the feast of dead or sick bodies tossed overboard. We are the shadows in the back of the eyes of daughters throwing themselves and their babies overboard. Our blood is the red that stole the blue of the ocean.
We are scattered bones rising up from the bottom of the Atlantic revealing a pathway marking the route. We are the fruit of those bone trees planted deep in the fertile Atlantic.
We carry a DNA of survival, strength, extraordinary will.
From forced migration to slave market we are all the links of all the chains of the past and future. Binding spiritual links from the bones in the Atlantic to the bones of slaves in a place like Galveston Texas where ancestral whispers became the wind … caressing tired bones with a timeless spirit of rebirth and love.
The wind heard first. whispering from the trees, from the ground beneath their feet, whispering…
Freedom
Freedom
Freedom
the wind knew and rattled tiny bones beneath the feathers of birds. the wind knew. giving voice to the rain falling creating fertile freedom ground. the wind whispered to every butterfly, every insect pollinating from flower to flower.
Freedom. Freedom. Freedom.
eagles stopped in midair to listen to the wind’s song … Freedom came today. Freedom came today … and because our people are a chosen people we could understand the dance of the trees, the tremble of the water.
hoes stopped striking. hands stopped picking. feet stood still.
a mighty storm named freedom rained over them soaked them clean.
mothers kissed hope into the air above babies’ heads. grandmothers and grandfathers stretched prayers into a sky that would not bend. men asked where will this freedom live. children asked what does this freedom taste like. what does this freedom smell like. what does this freedom sound like. what does this freedom look like. mama, tell me what this freedom gonna feel like.
we screamed a jubilee into the clouds. we shed the skin of a slave. we shed the rags of a slave into the river. our freedom skin was a shining brand new nakedness that outshined the sun. we be clothed in freedoms of gold.
on juneteenth dead bones came alive and flew on the wings of sankofa birds all the way back to the river where blood is born … all the way back to the womb that never forgets.
we are the juneteenth resurrection … we are the ancient prayers answered. we are the cup overflowing inviting generations to this feast of freedom.
Writing Prompt
Jaki Shelton Green, Poet Laureate of North Carolina since 2018, uses “this I know for sure” to show how someone carries the weight of their ancestry inside of them. She shows this with lines like “We carry a DNA of survival, strength, extraordinary will” and “we are the juneteenth resurrection … we are the ancient prayers answered.” Her goal is to show that while she can’t change the past, the freedom that she has today allows her actions to stand in for her ancestors who did not have those same freedoms. A change in perspective that took generations to accomplish finally found its foothold so now her and her ancestors can all celebrate Juneteenth.
Another line that really stands out in “this I know for sure” is “the wind knew and rattled tiny bones beneath the feathers of birds. the wind knew.” Here, Green is saying that all along the wind knew the freedom that was kept from her ancestors and tried to make a change. With this idea in mind, write a poem about what the wind knows now. What changes still need to happen to ensure that all Americans are afforded the same freedoms?
Juneteenth
With her shiny black-patent sandals
and her Japanese parasol,
and wearing a brand-new Juneteenth dress,
Johnnie’s a living doll.
Juneteenth: when the Negro telegraph
reached the last sad slave…
It’s Boley’s second Easter;
the whole town a picnic.
Children run from one church booth
to the next, buying sandwiches,
sweet-potato pie, peach cobbler
with warm, sweaty pennies.
The flame of celebration
ripples like glad news
from one mouth to the next.
These people slipped away
in the middle of the night;
arrived in Boley with nothing
but the rags on their backs.
These carpenters, contractors, cobblers.
These bankers and telephone operators.
These teachers, preachers, and clerks.
These merchants and restaurateurs.
These peanut-growing farmers,
these wives halting the advance of cotton
with flowers in front of their homes.
Johnnie’s father tugs one of her plaits,
head-shaking over politics
with the newspaper editor,
who lost his other ear
getting away from a lynch-mob.
Writing Prompt
At the heart of former Connecticut Poet Laureate Marilyn Nelson’s poem “Juneteenth” is a celebration. One that juxtaposes the horrors of the past and with the joyous present day. On one end, we see a young girl, representing the future, dressed in her Sunday’s best, ready to look through the sweet treats at the church picnic, and on the other, we have a man who is a survivor of Jim Crow era lynch mobs. Together they represent all of the important aspects of the national holiday, remembering the past and a hope for the future.
With this poem in mind, write a poem describing a Juneteenth celebration. If you’ve personally been to one, think back to what it was like and describe the celebration. If you have not been to one, think of what it could look like. What kinds of hopes are seen on the faces of those celebrating?